Half-Life Calculator

Calculate half-life, mean lifetime, and decay constant for radioactive decay and exponential processes

Calculate half-life, mean lifetime, and decay constant for radioactive decay and other exponential decay processes.

Half-Life Calculator

The following tools can generate any one of the values from the other three in the half-life formula for a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half.

Half-Life, Mean Lifetime, and Decay Constant Conversion

Please provide any one of the following to get the other two.

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About Half-Life

Half-life is the time required for a quantity to reduce to half of its initial value. It's commonly used in nuclear physics, chemistry, and medicine to describe radioactive decay, chemical reactions, and drug metabolism.

Key Formulas:

N(t) = N₀ × (½)^(t/t₁/₂)
t₁/₂ = ln(2) / λ
τ = t₁/₂ / ln(2)
λ = ln(2) / t₁/₂

Applications:

  • • Radioactive decay
  • • Drug metabolism
  • • Chemical reactions
  • • Population decay
  • • Carbon dating
  • • Medical imaging

Common Half-Lives:

• Carbon-14: 5,730 years
• Uranium-238: 4.5 billion years
• Iodine-131: 8 days
• Technetium-99m: 6 hours

Variables:

  • • t₁/₂: Half-life
  • • τ: Mean lifetime
  • • λ: Decay constant
  • • N₀: Initial quantity
  • • N(t): Quantity at time t
  • • t: Time elapsed